Новости за 08.07.2022

Swans give up resting time to fight over the best feeding spots, new research shows.

Sugar-sweetened beverages are a known contributor to several health issues, including poor diet quality, weight gain and diabetes. While several studies have shown that taxing sweetened beverages significantly reduces purchasing, questions have been raised about whether the taxes place a greater economic burden on lower-income households.

When smoke from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires billowed across the Southern Ocean, the iron-rich particles it deposited on the ocean triggered an algae bloom bigger than Australia—and it had a rapid and prolonged impact on the Southern Ocean's marine ecosystem and its carbon cycle.

The gene KINETOCHORE NULL2 (KNL2) plays a major role in the incorporation of the histone CenH3 into the centromere of chromosomes and is thus important for cell division. This same gene is also important for the production of double haploids, with which the generation of homozygous lines for plant breeding can be accelerated quite considerably. An international research team led by the IPK Leibniz Institute has reconstructed the evolutionary history of the gene and classified it for the first time. Читать дальше...

A new study published in the journal Health Economics is the first to comprehensively examine the impact of job losses during the U.S. Great Recession of 2008-09 on the mental health, physical health and the health behavior of young adults. Critically, researchers find young adults' living situation—whether they lived alone or with their parents—particularly affected whether they experienced negative mental and physical health impacts from job loss.

Researchers at the NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz Haber Institute have been engaged in describing how surfaces change in contact with reactive gas phases under different temperature and pressure conditions. For this purpose, they have developed the so-called replica exchange grand canonical method (REGC). The results were published in the journal Physical Review Letters on 17 June.

Schoolchildren huddled in Uvalde, Tex. classrooms as classmates and teachers are cut down by a rogue gunman. A peaceful weekend afternoon at a Buffalo, N.Y. grocery store interrupted by a white supremacist who sprays the aisles of elderly, predominantly African American weekend shoppers with an AR-15 style rifle.

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, a partnership with ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency), will soon reveal unprecedented and detailed views of the universe with the upcoming release of its first full-color images and spectroscopic data.

When it comes to graphene, it appears that superconductivity runs in the family.

Antibodies are among the most frequently used tools in the biosciences, as they enable researchers to identify molecules. However, many commercial antibodies are not specific enough, with the result that they do not recognize the molecules they are supposed to target.

Invasive alien mammals can have catastrophic impacts on native flora and fauna, causing species extinctions and driving profound environmental change. Classical control methods such as poison baiting, trapping, or hunting are currently not feasible on a large scale, which is why researchers are looking for alternatives.

Water quality is still "unacceptably poor" in many British rivers, research involving academics at York has shown.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major contributor to atmospheric pollution, and forest soil is an important source of NO emission. However, there are great uncertainties in global forest soil NO emission due to lack of high-frequency NO emission measurements.

Scavenger receptors (SRs) have been shown to participate in regulating the immune response of macrophages. Fucoidans from kelp have good immunomodulatory activity; however, the roles of SRs in the immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica are not clear.

Dealing with experimental errors, which could occur in every step of quantum circuits, is of great importance, especially in the implementation of quantum computation. Generally speaking, quantum error correction requires more qubits to accomplish the correction operation.

A team of researchers from University College London, Columbia University and Oxford University has developed a new approach to conducting transcriptomics and has used it to reveal the properties of 35 neuron subtypes in mice. The group has published their research in the journal Nature. Hongkui Zeng and Saskia E. J. de Vries with the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences have published a News & Views piece in the same journal issue outlining the work done by the team.

Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla, famous inventors both, were also, famously, rivals. Their heated relationship came to a head in what became known as the "war of the currents." Tesla favored alternating currents (AC) for the United States electrical system, Edison wanted direct currents, and, though AC ultimately won out, the rivalry never faded.

As climate change continues to worsen, heatwaves like one that killed hundreds of people as it rolled across the Pacific Northwest last summer have become more common and more extreme. These heatwaves can lead to mass die-offs of fish in streams that become too warm for them. However, some salmon have found a surprising savior in this battle to survive: glaciers.

Brown dwarfs are known as "failed stars," owing to the lack of central hydrogen burning. They bridge the gap between planets and stars. Some brown dwarfs are found to maintain kilogauss magnetic fields and produce flaring radio emissions, similar to aurora on magnetized planets in solar system, arousing astronomers' curiosities about their field properties and dynamics.

Australia's largest wild bird sample collection has been established by experts around the nation, including a Deakin University researcher. Here's what it's showing about zoonotic disease.

Water is certainly the best-known liquid in the world. It plays a crucial role in all biological and many chemical processes. The water molecules themselves hardly hold any secrets. In school we learn that water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. We even know the typical obtuse angle that the two O-H legs form with each other. In addition, we know when water boils or freezes and how these phase transitions are related to pressure.

Royal Ontario Museum revealed new research based on a cache of fossils that contains the brain and nervous system of a half-billion-year-old marine predator from the Burgess Shale called Stanleycaris. Stanleycaris belonged to an ancient, extinct offshoot of the arthropod evolutionary tree called Radiodonta, distantly related to modern insects and spiders. These findings shed light on the evolution of the arthropod brain, vision, and head structure. The results were announced in the paper, "A three-eyed... Читать дальше...

Government measures against the coronavirus, in particular nationwide lockdowns, have at times suspended the mechanisms of the market economy. Through no fault of their own, many people found themselves without work or income overnight. A research team at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy has investigated how strongly and successfully social law has helped to secure livelihoods during the pandemic. In collaboration with legal scholars worldwide, 21 countries in five continents were examined... Читать дальше...

As a key project for the governance and protection of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Hydropower Complex Project is the world's largest water conservancy and hydropower project, providing numerous benefits. In recent years, due to global warming, extreme climate events such as extreme precipitation, high temperatures and regional drought have occurred frequently, and these events themselves, as well as associated geological disasters, represent a challenge to the safe operation of the Three Gorges Project. Читать дальше...

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. For example, cost-effective solar cells, solid-state lighting, memristors, and ultrafast spin switches in spintronics have recently been designed using MHPs. Despite the promise of the material, many questions remain regarding the nature and mobility of charge carriers in MHPs, which require further understanding.