Новости за 17.11.2022

In chemicals used in agriculture, as well as in pharmaceuticals and a variety of materials, pyridines are often found as so-called functional units that decisively determine the chemical properties of substances. Pyridines belong to the group of ring-shaped carbon-hydrogen (C-H) compounds ("heterocycles"), and they contain a nitrogen atom (N). For chemists, the direct functionalization of the carbon-hydrogen bonds (C-H bonds) of pyridines is a straightforward approach to designing and modifying complex molecules... Читать дальше...

About four days a week, Dulce Garduno picks a few blocks in the Little Village neighborhood and knocks on doors. If there's no response, she flags it as a house to revisit. If someone answers, she makes her pitch by posing a simple question: Do you want a tree?

Encapsulating cells—both prokaryotic and eukaryotic—allows researchers to carry out experiments in hydrated environments over prolonged periods of time. However, cell growth under these conditions can exert a lot of pressure on the encapsulating shells, resulting in cell leakage. In a new study, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have developed modified alginate hydrogels that can endure the growth of bacteria, allowing them to synthesize important enzymes.

China has been exporting aid goods worth around $835 million annually since 2017. These material resources are distributed by China primarily according to geopolitical interests and increasingly to Asia and Africa.

Using a combination of simulation and experimental techniques, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Material Science and Engineering researchers have been able to identify the electric double layer structure of an ionic liquid on a series of crystalline electrodes.

In the past 30 years, the non-profit organization Friends of Trees planted trees along the streets of Portland, Oregon. Now, a new study shows that each tree planted was associated with significant reductions in non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality (of 20% and 6%, respectively, for trees planted in the preceding 15-30 years).

Recently, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft crashed into a 170 m asteroid Dimorphos at 6.6 km/s, as the first on-orbit demonstration of deflecting an asteroid by kinetic impact. The DART spacecraft was set to impact the center of Dimorphos nearly head-on. Earth-based telescopes have now confirmed that impact successfully changed Dimorphos' orbit period by 32 minutes, much more than expected.

Recently, a research team led by Prof. Dai Liqun from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), has revealed that the mantle sources of Cenozoic and Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks from the eastern North China craton had gone through different types of metasomatism at different depths by comparing the composition of molybdenum isotopes. Their work was published in Geology.

In recent years, manipulating chemistry using hybrid light-matter states called polaritons has generated much research as it combines the speed and efficiency of light with the reactivity and strong interactions of matter. Vibrational polaritons are formed when a specific vibrational motion of the molecule and photon creates a "spring" that allows them to quickly exchange energy. This is called vibrational strong coupling (VSC).

In a study recently published in National Science Review, researchers used multiscale imaging techniques (including optical microscope, X-ray microscope (micro-CT), scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope, etc.) to scientifically characterize the fiber-based microstructure of the short bamboo node. Experiment results revealed that the bamboo node can be seen as one spatially heterostructured and hierarchical fiber-reinforced composite.

The Pantanal represents 1.8% of Brazil's total area, occupying 150,000 square kilometers in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. With a mixture of floodable and non-floodable savannas, meadows, pastures and forests, the macro-region contains the world's largest floodplain. Together with the Chaco region, which lies further south, the Pantanal is a complex of wetlands with ample biodiversity that provides cultural and ecosystem services to Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay.

The largest volcanic eruption of the 21st century so far happened last winter, off the coast of the island nation of Tonga. Louisiana State University Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences Professor Chunyan Li captured it in an unexpected way—with handmade air pressure monitors from half a world away.

Considerations of equity in directing global financial flows for regional climate mitigation investments are critically important. A new study helps inform the current negotiations at COP27 while keeping fairness at the forefront.

Many estimates of how strongly traits and diseases share genetic signals may be inflated, according to a new UCLA-led study that indicates current methods for assessing genetic relationships between traits fail to account for mating patterns.

Researchers have discovered how plant roots adapt their shape to maximize their uptake of water, pausing branching when they lose contact with water and only resuming once they reconnect with moisture, ensuring they can survive even in the driest conditions.

It is well established that deep-sea ecosystems living in natural cold seep sites around the world thrive in areas where their only food source is limited to the uptake of carbon through chemosynthesis. However, it wasn't until now that we discovered how these natural methane seep sites influenced the diet of Arctic ecosystems in shallow-marine areas, such as the Barents Sea.

Mitochondria are primarily known as the powerhouse of the cell. However, these cellular organelles are required not only for providing energy: Professor Konstanze Winklhofer and her group at the Faculty of Medicine at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, recently discovered that mitochondria play an important role in signal transduction in innate immune pathways.

Natural products (NPs) are low-molecular-weight compounds derived from secondary metabolic pathways, which are regulated by hierarchical regulatory networks from cluster-specific regulators to global transcriptional complexes.

What's the cheapest, quickest way to reduce climate change without roiling the economy? In the United States, it may be by reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas industry.

Short of a miracle, it seems unlikely the COP27 climate change negotiations in Egypt will deliver any concrete action on loss and damage.

Researchers from Karolinska Institutet have reported new insights on how copper ions inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The study published in JACS Au presents molecular structures of this complex, which provide a general understanding of the impact metal ions have.

Stretching 251 kilometers along Florida's East Coast, the Indian River Lagoon has experienced large-scale, frequent blooms of toxic harmful algae in recent decades. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur when an overgrowth of aquatic microalgae over-accumulate in a body of water, negatively affecting wildlife and humans and degrading aquatic habitats.

This holiday season is expected to set another record for online sales, according to the National Retail Federation. But if consumer habits mirror previous years, 20% to 30% of the merchandise will be returned. It's a big financial hit and logistical challenge for retailers that cover all the shipping, sorting and processing.

The question of whether Africa should be allowed to exploit its gas reserves, estimated at more than 17.56 trillion cubic meters (620 trillion cubic feet) in 2021, has been much discussed at the latest UN climate change summit, COP27, in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

In a study recently published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, researchers from Kanazawa University use high-speed microscopy to capture the dynamics of nanosized sacs released from cells.