Новости за 08.12.2022

Nearly all apples grown in the U.S. are currently harvested by hand. Hand harvesting labor is typically the largest variable operating expense for apple orchards. Mechanical harvesting bruises fruit and greatly reduces fresh-market apple storage potential, but it also greatly reduces harvesting costs and is faster.

Co-working spaces can limit the creativity and innovation of new businesses, a study has found.

Invasive species of plants have a knack for settling in new settings and making big changes to an ecosystem, even leading to extinctions of native species.

The water cycle is an important part of the controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). It involves the supply of drinking water and plant irrigation water, and the recycling of urine, sanitary waste water, and air condensate water. Using urine and sanitary wastewater for plant irrigation is an effective form of wastewater reuse, but there are three main challenges.

In some materials, the molecules line up in a regular, repeating pattern. In others, they all point in random directions. But in many advanced materials used in medicine, computer chip manufacturing and other industries, the molecules arrange themselves in complex patterns that dictate the material's properties.

The great 2011 earthquake that caused the tsunami in northeastern Japan is still remembered for its destructive power.

The Orion spacecraft on the Artemis I mission is carrying, as part of the MARE experiment, two human "phantoms" equipped with numerous cosmic rays detectors. The information gathered by the detectors will for the first time verify the knowledge, crucial for the presence of humans in deep space, of the effects of cosmic rays on the health of the astronauts who are to live and work in an environment devoid of the protective effects of our planet's magnetosphere.

Australians desperately need more affordable homes, particularly homes for rent. The prospect of home ownership is rapidly receding for many people, especially younger generations (as the chart below shows). More people than ever are being forced into a tight rental market.

While lithium metal is an ideal anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries, there are challenges to be addressed before it can reach its full potential. A research team has conducted a study of lithium deposition behavior and developed a strategy involving hard carbon hosts that successfully addresses some of the problems currently facing the development of the lithium metal anode.

The term aromaticity was initially introduced to describe the properties of molecules with special aromatic odor, such as benzene, and now is considered as one of the most important concepts in chemistry. It is widely used to account for the unusual stability of aromatic compounds arising from delocalization of electrons. Aromaticity can be assessed by various aromatic criteria, such as the Hückel 4n+2 rule, spherical 2(n+1)2 rule, nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS), and ring currents.

Artists all over the world, regardless of their gender, earn considerably less than professionals in occupations requiring similar levels of education and qualifications.

Ghana is one of the few countries often praised for achieving impressive reductions in hunger. The 2022 Global Hunger Index report reveals Ghana's hunger score has declined by more than 50 percent since the year 2000. At the Crans Montana Forum held in November 2022, where critical issues of global food security are discussed, some of the panelists, including representatives from Ghana, credited the country's flagship School Feeding Program and Planting for Food and Jobs initiative for the compelling impacts on hunger reduction. Читать дальше...

The symbolic image of the silently meditating nun or chanting monk often embodies the Buddhist religion. Such representation may make it appear that Buddhist teachings and practices are grounded in heterosexual norms. However, there is also plenty of discussion on the various expressions of human sexuality and sexual orientations in pre-modern Buddhist literature.

Using new machine learning techniques, researchers at UC San Francisco (UCSF), in collaboration with a team at IBM Research, have developed a virtual molecular library of thousands of "command sentences" for cells, based on combinations of "words" that guided engineered immune cells to seek out and tirelessly kill cancer cells.

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) through an electrochemical reaction holds strong potential for removing CO2 from the atmosphere to reduce pollution and for producing alternative energy with carbon monoxide as an ingredient.

Researchers have developed a mathematical technique that radically reduces the enormous computational costs of trying to model fluids that combine both liquid and gas phases, especially within rocket engines. The computational burdens of this sort of modeling have long challenged researchers to accurately describe how shockwaves in such multiphase fluids produce wear and tear in machinery.

Climate change is a major threat to food production, and is displacing people and increasing the risks to health globally. Addressing climate change requires vast resources, including financial investment to decarbonise economies and produce food sustainably. Above all, it requires international cooperation and commitment—based on an accurate understanding of the relevant issues.

Advertisements with themes of female empowerment have become more popular in recent years with companies that sell everything from cosmetics to cars. A new study published by a University of Maine professor shows that while these advertisements are perceived as empowering by the women who viewed them, they do not lead to subjects thinking more about empowerment when put to the test.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host unique life that survives without sunlight, and they play a significant role in the cycle of heat, water, and chemicals within the ocean. But long-term monitoring of these vents is difficult because of their hot and caustic characteristics.

New research in Science shows how the rise of modern agriculture has turned a North American native plant, common waterhemp, into a problematic agricultural weed.

The uplift of the Tibet Plateau is considered to be the main driving force behind the evolution of the Asian monsoon-arid climate as well as biodiversity in the region. Surface elevation is the intuitive expression of tectonic uplift, but quantitative reconstruction has always been a difficult problem.

Recent findings by UCSF and Arc Institute scientists open up new possibilities for overcoming a fundamental challenge in drug discovery. There can be a tradeoff between optimizing a drug's key-in-a-lock fit with its target and the drug's ability to make its way across the cellular membrane and get to that target in the first place.

At the icy northern tip of Greenland, far into the Artic Circle, a deep bed of sediment beneath the mouth of a fjord has lain frozen and undisturbed for 2 million years.

When people hear the term "insider trading," they typically think of financial scandals involving Martha Stewart, Ivan Boesky or the movie "Wall Street." But the term also has far less sinister connotations.

White Americans who think that White people are poor are more likely to believe that welfare recipients are hardworking, and to support welfare policies, according to new research in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.